Mary was Elizabeth's cousin and a monarch appointed by God. By executing her, Elizabeth would set a dangerous example.

The most serious argument against executing Mary was that it could trigger a foreign invasion or a Catholic rebellion at home. In 1572, England was ill-prepared to meet either threat.

The Rising of the Northern Earls was the first serious Catholic attempt to overthrow Elizabeth. By keeping Mary alive, Elizabeth was putting her own life in danger.

The Ridolfi Plot involved the Duke of Norfolk, Philip of Spain and the Pope. By keeping Mary alive, Elizabeth ran the risk of foreign invasion.

Although both the Northern Rising and the Ridolfi Plot were aimed at placing Mary on the English throne, there was no evidence that Mary herself was directly involved in either plot.

Elizabeth's excommunication made her a target for Catholic plotters. By keeping Mary alive, Elizabeth was providing them with a champion.

Below - stacked on top of each other - are several options open to Elizabeth I on how to deal with Mary Queen of Scots in May 1572. The options can be moved around the page by placing your cursor on the option, holding down the left mouse button and then moving the mouse. Drag and drop each option into its relevant box in the table below.

   
Elizabeth's Choices Advantages Disadvantages
Agree to Parliament's demands for Mary's execution  
Reject Parliament's demands for Mary's execution